H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 khi ch\u1eadm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, giao h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n. Theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau trong Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7: c\u00e1c b\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i n\u00e0o, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ra sao?<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a CISG. Nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t ri\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/QH11 ng\u00e0y 14\/6\/2005 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 4. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 V\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 113\/VBHN-VPQH ng\u00e0y 27\/8\/2025. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3. [1]<\/p>\n
Khi r\u00e0 so\u00e1t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t giao d\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n mang t\u00ean \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean sao ch\u00e9p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan khi ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 300 Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mi\u1ec5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo lu\u1eadt. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. [1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 294 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 300]<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh. C\u00e2u \u201c\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea1t khi vi ph\u1ea1m\u201d ch\u01b0a cho bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hay theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea1t ch\u1eadm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm, m\u1ed1c giao h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o; c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u 301 nh\u00ecn chung gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m, \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 266. C\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n chung cho m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam. [1]<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang l\u00e0 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ee3t giao h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 80 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean minh h\u1ecda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n. Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n giao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea1t t\u00ednh theo ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 theo ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0110i\u1ec1u 301 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebf to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng ch\u1eadm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Theo c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 302\u2013304, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n l\u1ee3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng; h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. B\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. [1]<\/p>\n Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. C\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7m thu, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 thay th\u1ebf, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung. N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3n l\u1ee3i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o doanh thu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c mua h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb sai s\u00f3t trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. T\u00e1ch chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u 305 c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, chuy\u1ec3n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. [1]<\/p>\n Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 307 Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt. Kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 418 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m. [1; 2]<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n so\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, n\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u quy\u1ec1n chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n do ch\u1eadm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ebf t\u00e0i duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201cliquidated damages\u201d \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 khi ch\u01b0a xem x\u00e9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u 306 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i do ch\u1eadm thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng, th\u00f9 lao d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m. C\u1ea7n r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n, thay v\u00ec m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 hai. [1]<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ee3 g\u1ed1c, kho\u1ea3n l\u00e3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh. Khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00ednh. G\u1ed9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u201cph\u00ed vi ph\u1ea1m\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u 294 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mi\u1ec5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; \u0110i\u1ec1u 295 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n gia h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 mi\u1ec5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. [1]<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong> B\u00ean mua thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, trong khi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eadm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n giao h\u00e0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u00fd, n\u00ean l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t trang, n\u00eau ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eebng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng. L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ed5 sung ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p theo lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o vi ph\u1ea1m. Khi ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. Ghi nh\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t mi\u1ec5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 24\/10\/2026<\/strong>. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e1p l\u00fd chung tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 24\/10\/2026, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh li\u00ean quan.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo Lu\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"disabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_atlaw_toc":"","_atlaw_authors":[],"_atlaw_lawyers":[],"_atlaw_practices":[1418,1430],"_atlaw_industries":[],"_atlaw_subscribe":"","_atlaw_pdf":1859,"_atlaw_resource_url":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-insights"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1813"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1849,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1813\/revisions\/1849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}4. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh ri\u00eang<\/h2>\n
5. N\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea1t vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n
6. T\u00e1ch l\u00e3i ch\u1eadm thanh to\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n
7. V\u1eabn c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t mi\u1ec5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e0nh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n
\n